The World And A Grand Symbol Of Papal Authority Essay

During the Late Renaissance period, the largest church in the world and a grand symbol of papal authority was built within the territory of the Vatican City. Principally designed by famous architects, such as Michelangelo, Donato Bramante, Carlo Maderno and Gian Bernini Lorenzo, St Peter’s Basilica- built between 1506 to 1626- is one of the greatest Renaissance architectures and is regarded as â€Å"the greatest of all churches of Christendom†. Believed to be the site of Saint Peter’s tomb, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and considered to be the first pope, the ground in which the basilica stands is one of the holiest places in the world. Evidence state that the tomb of Saint Peter is located directly beneath the altar of the Basilica. Due to being such a holy place, the Basilica contains many tombs of popes and famous religious sculptures, such as the Pieta of Michelangelo. Admired for its Renaissance architecture, with a fusion with Baroque architecture in the later years of building, the Basilica of St. Peter also holds great meaning; thus in order to emphasize its importance, it took several years to design and completely build the dome (and the Basilica itself). Consequently, the greatest architects and artists were involved . The Roman public hall, known as a basilica, is usually a rectangular building with side aisles behind the rows of columns which support the main walls. The focus of attention is at the end opposite the entrance, where a raised platform isShow MoreRelatedThe Grail As A Symbol Of Divine Grace1695 Words   |  7 Pages(Holy Grail – Crystalinks). In Parzival, Wolfram von Eschenbach, citing the authority of a certain (probably fictional) Kyot the Provenà §al, claimed the Grail was a stone that fell from Heaven, and had been the sanctuary of the Neutral Angels who took neither side during Lucifer s rebellion. The authors of the Vulgate Cycle used the Grail as a symbol of divine grace. Galahad, illegitimate son of Lancelot and Elaine, the world s greatest knight and the Grail Bearer at the castle of Corbenic, is destinedRead MoreEssay about Faustus Study and Opening Speech3593 Words   |  15 Pagesacademic setting of the scene. In proceeding through the various intellectual disc iplines and citing authorities for each, he is following the dictates of medieval scholarship, which held that learning was based on the authority of the wise rather than on experimentation and new ideas. This soliloquy, then, marks Faustus’s rejection of this medieval model, as he sets aside each of the old authorities and resolves to strike out on his own in his quest to become powerful through magic. As is true throughoutRead MoreEssay about Renaissance Figures2969 Words   |  12 Pagessubservient Thomas Cranmer became archbishop of Canterbury. He immediately pronounced Henrys marriage to Katharine invalid. Papal powers were transferred to the king, who became the supreme head of the English church. The break with Rome was now complete, and the Church of England was established. The king dealt harshly with rebellions against the abolition of papal supremacy and the dissolution of the monasteries. The end of Henrys reign saw a gradual move toward Protestantism. HenryRead MoreThe Philippine Architecture: Spanish Colonial Period18287 Words   |  74 Pagesarchitecture reflect Filipino identity? Discuss the various building types and their relationship to pre-colonial architecture in your arguments. Spanish colonial architecture reflects Filipino identity mostly through the Religious Architecture. As what the world knows, Philippines is the only Catholic country in Southeast Asia; thus, most of our structures all over the archipelago were Catholic Churches due to the influence of Catholicism. Filipino Identity was basically patterned from the Spanish; the wayRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesChurch Manual ............................................ xxii The Present Edition ..................................................................... xxiii CHAPTER 1 Authority of the Church and the Church Manual ......................... Church Authority in the Early Church .......................................... Church Authority in the Seventh-day Adventist Church ............... CHAPTER 2 Church of the Living God ................................................................ No Wall of Partition

Management Learning, Performance And Reward Theory And...

We selected our article titled ‘Management Learning, Performance and Reward: Theory and Practice Revisited’, from The Journal of Management Development. This article looks at the extent to which organizational learning is encouraged and recognized by performance management systems, and whether these HR tools contribute to an organization’s effectiveness and by acting as a competitive advantage. This speaks to whether the the leadership has integrated the concept of individuals learning with the organization learning and developing as a whole. We picked this article because it pertains to our study of incentivizing desired behaviors. Performance management is an important aspect to organizational behavior. Human resources departments and managers utilize performance management to maintain desired work behaviors. Talent space describes performance management as â€Å"... a process that provides feedback, accountability, and documentation for performance outcomes. It helps employees to channel their talents toward organizational goals.† (Gallant, 2012) It is important to have proper communication in order for the employee to understand what is expected of them and to ask questions.HR departments should aim to use rewards systems that encourage individual learning as a means of competitive advantage. This speaks to aligning an organization’s vision with its practices to promote long term human capital development. In this paper, we will discuss why we picked this article.Show MoreRelatedManagement Learning, Performance And Reward : Theory And Practice1179 Words   |  5 Pagesselected our article t itled ‘Management Learning, Performance and Reward: Theory and Practice Revisited’, from The Journal of Management Development. This article looks at the extent to which organizational learning is encouraged and recognized by performance management systems, and whether these HR tools contribute to an organization’s effectiveness by acting as a competitive advantage. An organization’s leadership needs to integrate the process of individuals learning with the idea that the organizationRead MoreThe Theory Of Organizational Learning And Performance Management Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction With the changing economic climate and the notion of a global market, corporations all over the world grapple with the idea of management learning as it relates to performance management in an effort to remain competitive. Hall and Rowland’s article explores these ideas in great detail that are rooted in a fifteen-year research project. I will analyze their research problem, purpose of the study, research question, method of research, significance of the study and its global implicationsRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesExpectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management. Expectancy theory tells us that people who are confident in their ability to perform a particular task are motivatedRead MoreThe Case Study On Employee Job Satisfaction And Job Performance Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesthat these resulted in employee job enthusiasm which showed through to customers. This case explores the different motivation theories, the effect of feedback and positive reinforcement that are demonstrated by Julia’s management style, and the effectiveness of these management styles in creating the right motivation which increases job satisfaction and job performance. Analysis The case study showed several examples of Julia’s interaction with her employees. She walked the work place looking forRead MoreEssay about 3prm937 Words   |  4 Pages3PRM - SUPPORTING GOOD PRACTICE IN PERFORMANCE AND REWARD MANAGEMENT Activity 1 Explain at least 2 purposes of performance management and its relationship to business objectives. The performance management process is a key component of an organisation overall approach to the management of its people. As part of the performance management system, performance management aims to achieve the following: * To enable an individual to know exactly what is expected of them i.e. agreed objectivesRead MoreSupporting Good Practice in Performance Reward Management977 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Supporting Good Practice in Performance Reward Management; 3PRM Summative Assessment: CIPD Reference Number F060L Performance Management is a process aimed at improving performance in an effective and efficient manner. It involves following principles that ensure individuals or teams they manage: know and understand what is expected of them have the skills and ability to deliver on these expectations are supported by the organisation in  developing the capacity to meet these expectationsRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation Theories: Expectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice In Expectancy theory we focus on the mental processes when considering choice, or choosing. It clarifies what an individual feel while making choices. In the study of organizational behavior, we can see that expectancy theory is a motivation theory, it tells us that employees who are sure in their ability to perform a particular task are motivated by their expectations of the consequencesRead MoreUse Of Rewards For A Games With A Scoring System960 Words   |  4 Pagesof rewards such as games with a scoring system, allowing students to progress when they can perform a skill and giving a long term goal, the floor routine assessment. He uses this in order to channel the competitiveness in the students and give those rewards for completing tasks, Reece Walker (2007) acknowledge these characteristics in teaching as behaviourism. This external reward system is acknowledged by the likes of Pavlov (1927), Watson () and Thorndike () in their conditioned learning studiesRead MoreMotivation and Leadership in Social Work Management1470 Words   |  6 Pagessocial work management. Good managers should be aware not only of practical facets of that but also have a theoretical bases. That is why the work titled Motivation and Leadership in Social Work Management was written. The author of that composition is Elizabeth Fisher from Shippensburg Uniwersity in Pennsylvania. In that paper she is articulating some kinds of motivation or leadership theories and how they apply to social work. First part of the lecture is dealing about motivation theories whichRead MoreThe Goal Setting Theory By Edwin Locke1511 Words   |  7 Pages The Goal-Setting Theory Name of Student Institution affiliation â€Æ' The goal-setting theory was developed in 19sos by Edwin Locke. According to it, task performance is essentially linked to goal setting. That means that higher and better task performance may be achieved when goal setting is rationally applied, as clear goals inspire workers on optimal performance. Few words should be said about specifity of the goals which are expexted to be applied. They should be clear to make

Business management Functions

Question: Write an essay on Business Management. Answer: Business management is one the critical functions of an organization. Management is one of the areas, which determine the efficiency and productivity of the organization. It determines the future scope of growth and success of the organization. Business management is more critical and important for small sized business ventures and organization. They require critical insight into the various business activities and initial set up of the business organization. In such situations, the various elements of operational activities needs an in depth analysis and scrutiny from the management team (Bridge O'Neill, 2012).Thus, one can infer the importance and significance of business management in case of small sized business. The following essay and study focuses on the business performance of Philosophy-T. It provides critical evaluation and analysis of the business performance of Philosophy-T and undertakes to provide necessary recommendations to improve the business operations and strategies of the company. Discussion Philosophy-T is functioning under the Massey University. The company follows the practice of printing the inspirational and educational quotes on the t shirts and the targeted market is student, family and friends. It follows the policy of spreading educational knowledge. The business strategy of the company utilized the focus differentiation strategy and differentiates it product from other commercial projects. It is an educational project and undertakes to differentiate its product on the lines of inspirational and philosophical quotes imprinted on the T shirts (Scarborough, 2012). Certain people were needed for providing expertise in the field of financing, market research, inventory management, web designing, other designing and creative skills, planning and organizing, customer features, online market research and so on. These expertises were required by the business for conducting its operations and functions. The web design follows the format of a small sized retail shop. The foundations on which sites are made are a reformed version of Wordpress and the site name selected for the site is the philosophytshirts.com. The business venture was an amalgamation of the business concept matched with a learning purpose. The company could not use PayPal as the payment system under the rules of the university. Therefore, it was important for the company to formulate a good platform for setting up a concise and comprehensive platform. The philosophical quotes on the t-shirts have an educational story behind it and it was uploaded and mentioned on the websites. This lent a clarity regarding the central idea behind the venture. Sustainability is one of the primary focuses of the venture. It focuses on the development of sustainability in the branding strategy and the company stresses on the need of developing eco brands for highlighting the sustainability strategy of the company. The company has no visual image and has been extensively striving for developing a visual image and logo of the company. Thus, presently the company is functioning without any official logo or visual (Glackin, 2013) Students voted on different quotes that could be printed on t shirts. The most voted and famous quote was - be the change you want to see. Four designs were selected for the t-shirt. Two designs were selected with William Blaques quotes. A local t shirt was printer was approached for printing the quotes on the t-shirt. The local t-shirt printer reverted with a reply on the cost of t-shirt. The price of print per t-shirt was fixed at $4. The common t-shirt provided was Gildan, with the cost of t-shirt being $7.50. The other cost in the venture was the Film and screen set up. Philosophy T-shirt needed to evaluate the number of quotes that were required for screen set up and film. The cost of screen set up and film was fixed at $40. The initial price for print per screen has been estimated to be $40 per screen. It has viewed that the print man could fit 2 designs per screen. Therefore 3 screens were needed in the initial period. Therefore, the cost per screen was estimated to be $120. The cost for hosting a web site was estimated to be $ 356. The cost for each printed t-shirts was $11.50. The venture decided to produce 120 t-shirts. Therefore, the total cost for printed t-shirts were $1380. The total outlay cost of the venture was estimated to be $120+$1380+$356= 1856. Therefore, the company had to incur an initial cost of $1856 in the initial period for production (Winkel, 2013). The total production of the venture was 120 t-shirts while the total cost of the company was $1856. The fixed cost of the company was estimated to be $15.47. The company incurred no variable costs or other overhead. No overhead costs were incurred in telecommunication aspect or any other variable section. Therefore, the company incurred only fixed cost. This depicted the cost structure of the company (Carland et al. 2015). The company evaluated and assessed the fact that no variable or overhead existed for the company. This led the company in fixing and evaluating the selling price per unit. The company decided to follow a 100% mark up on the t-shirts since it was a normal practice for a retail business to do. It was estimated the selling price per t-shirt was $31. The company evaluated that since the turnover did not exceed $ 60,000; there would not be a situation of incurring Good and service tax. It was inferred that the selling price per t-shirt was fixed to be $ 30. Thus, in such circumstances, there was no scope of providing goods and services tax by the business venture. Posting and packing was a cost incurred by the company and since the venture included the posting and packing cost on each purchase, it was included in the initial cost outlay. The rationale behind this was the payment of packing and posting cost paid by the customers. Thus, it did not affect the profitability and turnover figure of the company. The breakeven analysis of the company depicted a few images. The company incurred only fixed cost and no variable cost. The company produced 120 t-shirts and fixed a selling price of $30 per unit. The total cost of the company was $1856. Therefore, the breakeven analysis was $1856/ 30= 61.87. This reflected the fact that company needed to sell 62 shirts to attain the breakeven point. This meant that the company needed to sell 62 shirts to overcome the initial outlay cost. The company was following a 100% mark up value on the t-shirts. Thus, whatever the venture sold after 62 t-shirts would be the profit of the company. Thus, the overall turnover for the venture was $3600. The profit of the venture was $1744 for the company. The business has relied on a static websites for the sales it has generated. Overall a total of 120 t-shirts have been prepared. 25 t-shirts have been sold and delivered. No sales have been observed and recorded in the last 14 days. Complaints have been received by the venture for the long period involved between order and delivery. The time period involved in a delivery on an average has been 14 days. Therefore, it can be seen that the company suffers from a loophole in this regard. The venture follows a policy of no return and no guarantee on the products (Glackin, 2013). This is another cause of complaints for the customers since they do not get any images and demand a wide array of choice of designs for the products. A web designer suggested that an application could be developed where the customers could use a drop down menu for choosing a design and image regarding the products. This could increase the satisfaction within the customers. The profit in the initial stage would be provided to the investor after which it will be provided to a charity chosen by the students. There is no other alternative for making money from the project. The business does not utilize any referral methods and the only method of creating awareness of the product was website and word of mouth (Winkel, 2013). The venture faces certain challenges. These were lack of key staff having technical expertise, no after customer service proved by the company, long time period involved in delivery, turnover of key staff, lack of sales, no effective IT solution, lack of marketing strategy using social plan and lack of choice for the customers. The venture had no brand recognition and faced stiff competition from other competitors in the same industry (Chaston, 2014). Some recommendations that could be provided to the venture would be an integration and adoption of e-commerce and social media. The use of e-commerce could hike up the sales of the venture and sales promotion could be actively used on social media sites. The delivery period needs to be reduced. This could be achieved by utilizing lean management process. Certain unnecessary procedures could be eliminated, which could fasten up the delivery process and also reduce the cost involved in delivery process. Thus, this would reduce the grounds of complaint and grievance from the customers and also increase the efficiency of the business. Retention of key staffs is an important aspect for the organization to ponder on. Staff could be retained by increasing the morale of the staff. The motivation aspect has to be stressed on by identifying the needs and wants of staff and satisfying those needs and wants. The remuneration of the staff could be hiked, which will play a vital role in the retent ion of the staff. The business needs to hire and utilize the expertise of member have key technical and financial knowledge. This would lend critical help in the evaluation and assessment of strategies. Better decision making tactics could be utilized by the companies in formulating better techniques and strategies regarding production and sales of the product. People possessing marketing knowledge could be utilized so that marketing of the products could be done better by the company. The business needs to stress on providing after sales service and follow the policies of return of products. Customer satisfaction should be the primary focus of the business. An application needs to be developed where customers can have a wide array of choice of designs for the t-shirts and a drop down menu could be used for implying the use of images of the t-shirt in better selection of products by the users. The business venture needs to realize the necessity of creating brand awareness and this c ould be utilized by employing extensive and impactful advertisement of the products, so that it leads to an increase of sales and also allows the product to survive competition in the market. Conclusion On concluding the report, it is seen that the venture is a learning proposal with philosophical quotes printed on the t-shirt. It can be observed that the venture is still in its nascent stage and is undergoing changes before establishing its hold in the market. The venture does not have any employees and does not incur any variable cost with no telecommunication services. The venture utilizes a static website for incurring the sales. The company only incurs fixed cost and there is no use of social media for sales purpose. The company suffers from stiff competition and enjoys no brand awareness. There is complaint from some customers regarding the time period involved in delivery of t-shirts. The company produces 120 t-shirts but there is no enough sales generated by the company. Therefore, it can be concluded that the company is still in its initial stage and needs to overcome the challenges and loopholes existing in the business and apply remedial measures to overcome it. Reference List Bridge, S., O'Neill, K. (2012).Understanding enterprise: Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan. Carland, J. C., Carland, J. W., Stewart, W. H. (2015). Seeing what's not there: The enigma of entrepreneurship.Journal of Small Business Strategy,7(1), 1-20. Carraher, S. M., Paridon, T. J. (2015). Entrepreneurship journal rankings across the discipline.Journal of Small Business Strategy,19(2), 89-98. Chaston, I. (2014).Small business marketing. Palgrave Macmillan. Colombo, M. G., Laursen, K., Magnusson, M., Rossià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lamastra, C. (2012). Introduction: small business and networked innovation: organizational and managerial challenges.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), 181-190. Gaskill, L. R., Van Auken, H. E., Kim, H. S. (2015). Impact of operational planning on small business retail performance.Journal of Small Business Strategy,5(1), 21-36. Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business, 3e. Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business, 3e. Goss, D. (2015).Small Business and Society (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. LiPuma, J. A., Newbert, S. L., Doh, J. P. (2013). The effect of institutional quality on firm export performance in emerging economies: a contingency model of firm age and size.Small Business Economics,40(4), 817-841. Lohrke, F. T., Franklin, G. M., Kothari, V. B. (2015). Top management international orientation and small business exporting performance: The moderating roles of export market industry factors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), 13-24. Lohrke, F. T., Franklin, G. M., Kothari, V. B. (2015). Top management international orientation and small business exporting performance: The moderating roles of export market industry factors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), 13-24. Scarborough, N. M. (2012). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management.Instructor. Winkel, D. (2013). The changing face of entrepreneurship education.Journal of Small Business Management,51(3), 313-314.

The Damaging Effects Of Acid Rain Essays - Environmental Chemistry

The Damaging Effects Of Acid Rain The Damaging Effects of Acid Rain Modern society is becoming overwhelmed with great amounts of pollution from cars, factories and an overabundance of garbage. The immense amounts of sulphur dioxide emitted into the air causes high levels of acid in the atmosphere. When this sulphuric acid is absorbed into moisture in the air, poignant rainfalls can be damaging to the external environment. Acid rain is destroying the world=s lakes, air and ecosystem. Acid rain is killing lakes and decreasing the number of inhabitants in these fresh water bodies. Acid rain causes an ample deduction in the pH levels in the water. At a neutral level the pH in water should be close to seven, yet in these acidic water bodies the pH levels can be as low as four. These pH levels of four contain more than ten percent acids than that of normal rain and one thousand times more acid than neutral water. Each decade the pH levels of lakes around Ontario have become ten times more acidic. The high acid levels contained in lakes also causes a decrease in the number of fish dwelling in these lakes. Also Aacid produces chemical changes in the blood of the fish, and their basic body metabolism is [emailprotected] (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 24), and can cause deformities in these inhabitants. They have twisted and arched backbones, flattened heads and strangely curved tails. In pH levels of four there is little left in the lakes besides rock bass, pumpkinseed and l ake herring. Affected fish are also in danger of becoming sterile, which would put the species at risk of becoming extinct. As with sulphur dioxide in rain, mercury is also discharged into the water. There is a direct connection between the mercury rich lakes as there is with those with high acidic levels. This metal becomes concentrated in the blood and tissues of fish. Acid rain causes traumatic effects in natural lakes and rivers. Acid rain causes air quality to deteriorate. As in water, acid rain causes the pH levels in the air to decrease. The sulphur dioxide, which diffuses into the air, mixes with moisture causing the pH levels to drop from the normal level. Again, the normal level is somewhere around seven, yet in some acidic air masses the levels can be as low as three. These lowered pH levels form a photochemical smog in the atmosphere. In the air Anitrogen oxides react with ozone and some hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight to form photochemical smog, the kind of yellow-grey haze which it literally alive and growing in stagnant air [emailprotected] (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 44). This smog carries serious risk for respiratory disease and crop damage. The photochemical smog is also causing the ozone layer to disintegrate. The ozone layer is becoming a part of this smog, which is causing holes in it. An inordinate amount of sulphur dioxide is let into the air, more than can be neutralized by nutrien ts in the air. Decrease in pH levels, photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer are some effects of acid rain in the air. The ecosystem is slowly eroding due to the increased amounts of acid in the soil. Acid in the soil in causing the carbon dioxide respiration process to decelerate. In order for plants to go through photosynthesis, they need carbon dioxide. When acid in the soil causing this soil respiration to slow down, in turn it causes the photosynthesis process to slow down. The soil also erodes when the pH levels drop. The acidic levels of the soil cause nutrients in the soils such as aluminum to break apart and the soil to erode. Soil erosion also causes a lower production of plants in the ecosystem. In the soil a process of decay Acalled oligotrophication, means that fewer of the ions of acid are neutralized by the depleted biological community so the acid can cause further degeneration of natural processes, which in turn are less capable of combating the acid, and so on, in an accelerating [emailprotected] (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 32). Disruption in the life span of trees and plants is also another effect of acid rain. The acid rain