The World And A Grand Symbol Of Papal Authority Essay

During the Late Renaissance period, the largest church in the world and a grand symbol of papal authority was built within the territory of the Vatican City. Principally designed by famous architects, such as Michelangelo, Donato Bramante, Carlo Maderno and Gian Bernini Lorenzo, St Peter’s Basilica- built between 1506 to 1626- is one of the greatest Renaissance architectures and is regarded as â€Å"the greatest of all churches of Christendom†. Believed to be the site of Saint Peter’s tomb, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and considered to be the first pope, the ground in which the basilica stands is one of the holiest places in the world. Evidence state that the tomb of Saint Peter is located directly beneath the altar of the Basilica. Due to being such a holy place, the Basilica contains many tombs of popes and famous religious sculptures, such as the Pieta of Michelangelo. Admired for its Renaissance architecture, with a fusion with Baroque architecture in the later years of building, the Basilica of St. Peter also holds great meaning; thus in order to emphasize its importance, it took several years to design and completely build the dome (and the Basilica itself). Consequently, the greatest architects and artists were involved . The Roman public hall, known as a basilica, is usually a rectangular building with side aisles behind the rows of columns which support the main walls. The focus of attention is at the end opposite the entrance, where a raised platform isShow MoreRelatedThe Grail As A Symbol Of Divine Grace1695 Words   |  7 Pages(Holy Grail – Crystalinks). In Parzival, Wolfram von Eschenbach, citing the authority of a certain (probably fictional) Kyot the Provenà §al, claimed the Grail was a stone that fell from Heaven, and had been the sanctuary of the Neutral Angels who took neither side during Lucifer s rebellion. The authors of the Vulgate Cycle used the Grail as a symbol of divine grace. Galahad, illegitimate son of Lancelot and Elaine, the world s greatest knight and the Grail Bearer at the castle of Corbenic, is destinedRead MoreEssay about Faustus Study and Opening Speech3593 Words   |  15 Pagesacademic setting of the scene. In proceeding through the various intellectual disc iplines and citing authorities for each, he is following the dictates of medieval scholarship, which held that learning was based on the authority of the wise rather than on experimentation and new ideas. This soliloquy, then, marks Faustus’s rejection of this medieval model, as he sets aside each of the old authorities and resolves to strike out on his own in his quest to become powerful through magic. As is true throughoutRead MoreEssay about Renaissance Figures2969 Words   |  12 Pagessubservient Thomas Cranmer became archbishop of Canterbury. He immediately pronounced Henrys marriage to Katharine invalid. Papal powers were transferred to the king, who became the supreme head of the English church. The break with Rome was now complete, and the Church of England was established. The king dealt harshly with rebellions against the abolition of papal supremacy and the dissolution of the monasteries. The end of Henrys reign saw a gradual move toward Protestantism. HenryRead MoreThe Philippine Architecture: Spanish Colonial Period18287 Words   |  74 Pagesarchitecture reflect Filipino identity? Discuss the various building types and their relationship to pre-colonial architecture in your arguments. Spanish colonial architecture reflects Filipino identity mostly through the Religious Architecture. As what the world knows, Philippines is the only Catholic country in Southeast Asia; thus, most of our structures all over the archipelago were Catholic Churches due to the influence of Catholicism. Filipino Identity was basically patterned from the Spanish; the wayRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesChurch Manual ............................................ xxii The Present Edition ..................................................................... xxiii CHAPTER 1 Authority of the Church and the Church Manual ......................... Church Authority in the Early Church .......................................... Church Authority in the Seventh-day Adventist Church ............... CHAPTER 2 Church of the Living God ................................................................ No Wall of Partition

Management Learning, Performance And Reward Theory And...

We selected our article titled ‘Management Learning, Performance and Reward: Theory and Practice Revisited’, from The Journal of Management Development. This article looks at the extent to which organizational learning is encouraged and recognized by performance management systems, and whether these HR tools contribute to an organization’s effectiveness and by acting as a competitive advantage. This speaks to whether the the leadership has integrated the concept of individuals learning with the organization learning and developing as a whole. We picked this article because it pertains to our study of incentivizing desired behaviors. Performance management is an important aspect to organizational behavior. Human resources departments and managers utilize performance management to maintain desired work behaviors. Talent space describes performance management as â€Å"... a process that provides feedback, accountability, and documentation for performance outcomes. It helps employees to channel their talents toward organizational goals.† (Gallant, 2012) It is important to have proper communication in order for the employee to understand what is expected of them and to ask questions.HR departments should aim to use rewards systems that encourage individual learning as a means of competitive advantage. This speaks to aligning an organization’s vision with its practices to promote long term human capital development. In this paper, we will discuss why we picked this article.Show MoreRelatedManagement Learning, Performance And Reward : Theory And Practice1179 Words   |  5 Pagesselected our article t itled ‘Management Learning, Performance and Reward: Theory and Practice Revisited’, from The Journal of Management Development. This article looks at the extent to which organizational learning is encouraged and recognized by performance management systems, and whether these HR tools contribute to an organization’s effectiveness by acting as a competitive advantage. An organization’s leadership needs to integrate the process of individuals learning with the idea that the organizationRead MoreThe Theory Of Organizational Learning And Performance Management Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction With the changing economic climate and the notion of a global market, corporations all over the world grapple with the idea of management learning as it relates to performance management in an effort to remain competitive. Hall and Rowland’s article explores these ideas in great detail that are rooted in a fifteen-year research project. 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As part of the performance management system, performance management aims to achieve the following: * To enable an individual to know exactly what is expected of them i.e. agreed objectivesRead MoreSupporting Good Practice in Performance Reward Management977 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Supporting Good Practice in Performance Reward Management; 3PRM Summative Assessment: CIPD Reference Number F060L Performance Management is a process aimed at improving performance in an effective and efficient manner. 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Good managers should be aware not only of practical facets of that but also have a theoretical bases. That is why the work titled Motivation and Leadership in Social Work Management was written. The author of that composition is Elizabeth Fisher from Shippensburg Uniwersity in Pennsylvania. In that paper she is articulating some kinds of motivation or leadership theories and how they apply to social work. First part of the lecture is dealing about motivation theories whichRead MoreThe Goal Setting Theory By Edwin Locke1511 Words   |  7 Pages The Goal-Setting Theory Name of Student Institution affiliation â€Æ' The goal-setting theory was developed in 19sos by Edwin Locke. According to it, task performance is essentially linked to goal setting. That means that higher and better task performance may be achieved when goal setting is rationally applied, as clear goals inspire workers on optimal performance. Few words should be said about specifity of the goals which are expexted to be applied. They should be clear to make

Business management Functions

Question: Write an essay on Business Management. Answer: Business management is one the critical functions of an organization. Management is one of the areas, which determine the efficiency and productivity of the organization. It determines the future scope of growth and success of the organization. Business management is more critical and important for small sized business ventures and organization. They require critical insight into the various business activities and initial set up of the business organization. In such situations, the various elements of operational activities needs an in depth analysis and scrutiny from the management team (Bridge O'Neill, 2012).Thus, one can infer the importance and significance of business management in case of small sized business. The following essay and study focuses on the business performance of Philosophy-T. It provides critical evaluation and analysis of the business performance of Philosophy-T and undertakes to provide necessary recommendations to improve the business operations and strategies of the company. Discussion Philosophy-T is functioning under the Massey University. The company follows the practice of printing the inspirational and educational quotes on the t shirts and the targeted market is student, family and friends. It follows the policy of spreading educational knowledge. The business strategy of the company utilized the focus differentiation strategy and differentiates it product from other commercial projects. It is an educational project and undertakes to differentiate its product on the lines of inspirational and philosophical quotes imprinted on the T shirts (Scarborough, 2012). Certain people were needed for providing expertise in the field of financing, market research, inventory management, web designing, other designing and creative skills, planning and organizing, customer features, online market research and so on. These expertises were required by the business for conducting its operations and functions. The web design follows the format of a small sized retail shop. The foundations on which sites are made are a reformed version of Wordpress and the site name selected for the site is the philosophytshirts.com. The business venture was an amalgamation of the business concept matched with a learning purpose. The company could not use PayPal as the payment system under the rules of the university. Therefore, it was important for the company to formulate a good platform for setting up a concise and comprehensive platform. The philosophical quotes on the t-shirts have an educational story behind it and it was uploaded and mentioned on the websites. This lent a clarity regarding the central idea behind the venture. Sustainability is one of the primary focuses of the venture. It focuses on the development of sustainability in the branding strategy and the company stresses on the need of developing eco brands for highlighting the sustainability strategy of the company. The company has no visual image and has been extensively striving for developing a visual image and logo of the company. Thus, presently the company is functioning without any official logo or visual (Glackin, 2013) Students voted on different quotes that could be printed on t shirts. The most voted and famous quote was - be the change you want to see. Four designs were selected for the t-shirt. Two designs were selected with William Blaques quotes. A local t shirt was printer was approached for printing the quotes on the t-shirt. The local t-shirt printer reverted with a reply on the cost of t-shirt. The price of print per t-shirt was fixed at $4. The common t-shirt provided was Gildan, with the cost of t-shirt being $7.50. The other cost in the venture was the Film and screen set up. Philosophy T-shirt needed to evaluate the number of quotes that were required for screen set up and film. The cost of screen set up and film was fixed at $40. The initial price for print per screen has been estimated to be $40 per screen. It has viewed that the print man could fit 2 designs per screen. Therefore 3 screens were needed in the initial period. Therefore, the cost per screen was estimated to be $120. The cost for hosting a web site was estimated to be $ 356. The cost for each printed t-shirts was $11.50. The venture decided to produce 120 t-shirts. Therefore, the total cost for printed t-shirts were $1380. The total outlay cost of the venture was estimated to be $120+$1380+$356= 1856. Therefore, the company had to incur an initial cost of $1856 in the initial period for production (Winkel, 2013). The total production of the venture was 120 t-shirts while the total cost of the company was $1856. The fixed cost of the company was estimated to be $15.47. The company incurred no variable costs or other overhead. No overhead costs were incurred in telecommunication aspect or any other variable section. Therefore, the company incurred only fixed cost. This depicted the cost structure of the company (Carland et al. 2015). The company evaluated and assessed the fact that no variable or overhead existed for the company. This led the company in fixing and evaluating the selling price per unit. The company decided to follow a 100% mark up on the t-shirts since it was a normal practice for a retail business to do. It was estimated the selling price per t-shirt was $31. The company evaluated that since the turnover did not exceed $ 60,000; there would not be a situation of incurring Good and service tax. It was inferred that the selling price per t-shirt was fixed to be $ 30. Thus, in such circumstances, there was no scope of providing goods and services tax by the business venture. Posting and packing was a cost incurred by the company and since the venture included the posting and packing cost on each purchase, it was included in the initial cost outlay. The rationale behind this was the payment of packing and posting cost paid by the customers. Thus, it did not affect the profitability and turnover figure of the company. The breakeven analysis of the company depicted a few images. The company incurred only fixed cost and no variable cost. The company produced 120 t-shirts and fixed a selling price of $30 per unit. The total cost of the company was $1856. Therefore, the breakeven analysis was $1856/ 30= 61.87. This reflected the fact that company needed to sell 62 shirts to attain the breakeven point. This meant that the company needed to sell 62 shirts to overcome the initial outlay cost. The company was following a 100% mark up value on the t-shirts. Thus, whatever the venture sold after 62 t-shirts would be the profit of the company. Thus, the overall turnover for the venture was $3600. The profit of the venture was $1744 for the company. The business has relied on a static websites for the sales it has generated. Overall a total of 120 t-shirts have been prepared. 25 t-shirts have been sold and delivered. No sales have been observed and recorded in the last 14 days. Complaints have been received by the venture for the long period involved between order and delivery. The time period involved in a delivery on an average has been 14 days. Therefore, it can be seen that the company suffers from a loophole in this regard. The venture follows a policy of no return and no guarantee on the products (Glackin, 2013). This is another cause of complaints for the customers since they do not get any images and demand a wide array of choice of designs for the products. A web designer suggested that an application could be developed where the customers could use a drop down menu for choosing a design and image regarding the products. This could increase the satisfaction within the customers. The profit in the initial stage would be provided to the investor after which it will be provided to a charity chosen by the students. There is no other alternative for making money from the project. The business does not utilize any referral methods and the only method of creating awareness of the product was website and word of mouth (Winkel, 2013). The venture faces certain challenges. These were lack of key staff having technical expertise, no after customer service proved by the company, long time period involved in delivery, turnover of key staff, lack of sales, no effective IT solution, lack of marketing strategy using social plan and lack of choice for the customers. The venture had no brand recognition and faced stiff competition from other competitors in the same industry (Chaston, 2014). Some recommendations that could be provided to the venture would be an integration and adoption of e-commerce and social media. The use of e-commerce could hike up the sales of the venture and sales promotion could be actively used on social media sites. The delivery period needs to be reduced. This could be achieved by utilizing lean management process. Certain unnecessary procedures could be eliminated, which could fasten up the delivery process and also reduce the cost involved in delivery process. Thus, this would reduce the grounds of complaint and grievance from the customers and also increase the efficiency of the business. Retention of key staffs is an important aspect for the organization to ponder on. Staff could be retained by increasing the morale of the staff. The motivation aspect has to be stressed on by identifying the needs and wants of staff and satisfying those needs and wants. The remuneration of the staff could be hiked, which will play a vital role in the retent ion of the staff. The business needs to hire and utilize the expertise of member have key technical and financial knowledge. This would lend critical help in the evaluation and assessment of strategies. Better decision making tactics could be utilized by the companies in formulating better techniques and strategies regarding production and sales of the product. People possessing marketing knowledge could be utilized so that marketing of the products could be done better by the company. The business needs to stress on providing after sales service and follow the policies of return of products. Customer satisfaction should be the primary focus of the business. An application needs to be developed where customers can have a wide array of choice of designs for the t-shirts and a drop down menu could be used for implying the use of images of the t-shirt in better selection of products by the users. The business venture needs to realize the necessity of creating brand awareness and this c ould be utilized by employing extensive and impactful advertisement of the products, so that it leads to an increase of sales and also allows the product to survive competition in the market. Conclusion On concluding the report, it is seen that the venture is a learning proposal with philosophical quotes printed on the t-shirt. It can be observed that the venture is still in its nascent stage and is undergoing changes before establishing its hold in the market. The venture does not have any employees and does not incur any variable cost with no telecommunication services. The venture utilizes a static website for incurring the sales. The company only incurs fixed cost and there is no use of social media for sales purpose. The company suffers from stiff competition and enjoys no brand awareness. There is complaint from some customers regarding the time period involved in delivery of t-shirts. The company produces 120 t-shirts but there is no enough sales generated by the company. Therefore, it can be concluded that the company is still in its initial stage and needs to overcome the challenges and loopholes existing in the business and apply remedial measures to overcome it. Reference List Bridge, S., O'Neill, K. (2012).Understanding enterprise: Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan. Carland, J. C., Carland, J. W., Stewart, W. H. (2015). Seeing what's not there: The enigma of entrepreneurship.Journal of Small Business Strategy,7(1), 1-20. Carraher, S. M., Paridon, T. J. (2015). Entrepreneurship journal rankings across the discipline.Journal of Small Business Strategy,19(2), 89-98. Chaston, I. (2014).Small business marketing. Palgrave Macmillan. Colombo, M. G., Laursen, K., Magnusson, M., Rossià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lamastra, C. (2012). Introduction: small business and networked innovation: organizational and managerial challenges.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), 181-190. Gaskill, L. R., Van Auken, H. E., Kim, H. S. (2015). Impact of operational planning on small business retail performance.Journal of Small Business Strategy,5(1), 21-36. Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business, 3e. Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business, 3e. Goss, D. (2015).Small Business and Society (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. LiPuma, J. A., Newbert, S. L., Doh, J. P. (2013). The effect of institutional quality on firm export performance in emerging economies: a contingency model of firm age and size.Small Business Economics,40(4), 817-841. Lohrke, F. T., Franklin, G. M., Kothari, V. B. (2015). Top management international orientation and small business exporting performance: The moderating roles of export market industry factors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), 13-24. Lohrke, F. T., Franklin, G. M., Kothari, V. B. (2015). Top management international orientation and small business exporting performance: The moderating roles of export market industry factors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), 13-24. Scarborough, N. M. (2012). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management.Instructor. Winkel, D. (2013). The changing face of entrepreneurship education.Journal of Small Business Management,51(3), 313-314.

The Damaging Effects Of Acid Rain Essays - Environmental Chemistry

The Damaging Effects Of Acid Rain The Damaging Effects of Acid Rain Modern society is becoming overwhelmed with great amounts of pollution from cars, factories and an overabundance of garbage. The immense amounts of sulphur dioxide emitted into the air causes high levels of acid in the atmosphere. When this sulphuric acid is absorbed into moisture in the air, poignant rainfalls can be damaging to the external environment. Acid rain is destroying the world=s lakes, air and ecosystem. Acid rain is killing lakes and decreasing the number of inhabitants in these fresh water bodies. Acid rain causes an ample deduction in the pH levels in the water. At a neutral level the pH in water should be close to seven, yet in these acidic water bodies the pH levels can be as low as four. These pH levels of four contain more than ten percent acids than that of normal rain and one thousand times more acid than neutral water. Each decade the pH levels of lakes around Ontario have become ten times more acidic. The high acid levels contained in lakes also causes a decrease in the number of fish dwelling in these lakes. Also Aacid produces chemical changes in the blood of the fish, and their basic body metabolism is [emailprotected] (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 24), and can cause deformities in these inhabitants. They have twisted and arched backbones, flattened heads and strangely curved tails. In pH levels of four there is little left in the lakes besides rock bass, pumpkinseed and l ake herring. Affected fish are also in danger of becoming sterile, which would put the species at risk of becoming extinct. As with sulphur dioxide in rain, mercury is also discharged into the water. There is a direct connection between the mercury rich lakes as there is with those with high acidic levels. This metal becomes concentrated in the blood and tissues of fish. Acid rain causes traumatic effects in natural lakes and rivers. Acid rain causes air quality to deteriorate. As in water, acid rain causes the pH levels in the air to decrease. The sulphur dioxide, which diffuses into the air, mixes with moisture causing the pH levels to drop from the normal level. Again, the normal level is somewhere around seven, yet in some acidic air masses the levels can be as low as three. These lowered pH levels form a photochemical smog in the atmosphere. In the air Anitrogen oxides react with ozone and some hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight to form photochemical smog, the kind of yellow-grey haze which it literally alive and growing in stagnant air [emailprotected] (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 44). This smog carries serious risk for respiratory disease and crop damage. The photochemical smog is also causing the ozone layer to disintegrate. The ozone layer is becoming a part of this smog, which is causing holes in it. An inordinate amount of sulphur dioxide is let into the air, more than can be neutralized by nutrien ts in the air. Decrease in pH levels, photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer are some effects of acid rain in the air. The ecosystem is slowly eroding due to the increased amounts of acid in the soil. Acid in the soil in causing the carbon dioxide respiration process to decelerate. In order for plants to go through photosynthesis, they need carbon dioxide. When acid in the soil causing this soil respiration to slow down, in turn it causes the photosynthesis process to slow down. The soil also erodes when the pH levels drop. The acidic levels of the soil cause nutrients in the soils such as aluminum to break apart and the soil to erode. Soil erosion also causes a lower production of plants in the ecosystem. In the soil a process of decay Acalled oligotrophication, means that fewer of the ions of acid are neutralized by the depleted biological community so the acid can cause further degeneration of natural processes, which in turn are less capable of combating the acid, and so on, in an accelerating [emailprotected] (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 32). Disruption in the life span of trees and plants is also another effect of acid rain. The acid rain

Political Change Between 1815 and 1840 Essay Example

Political Change Between 1815 and 1840 Paper The political participation of voters, campaigners, and elections in general changed drastically between the periods of 1815 and 1840, events such as the aftermath of the war of 1812, the age of reform, and political campaign styles were incredibly important in the changes of political participation. The aftermath of the war of 1812 was an explosion of nationalistic feelings. Many believed that it was a second war for independence, even though the war was mainly a stalemate. The election of James Monroe to the presidency in 1816 was often called the Era of Good Feelings. The new sense of pride destroyed old political barriers by lessoning voter requirements. This united Americans behind the common goal of improving the nation. The nation was so unified that Monroe ran uncontested for a second term in 1820. The reform movement consisted of the Second great Awakening, a religious reform movement, women’s rights, the abolition of slavery, temperance and many others. Conventions made by women, such as the Seneca Falls convention would encourage women to step out of the domestic sphere of their house and dive into the world of politics, getting themselves more involved in the world beyond their homes and children. The second great awakening transformed many into god-fearing peoples and set certain beliefs toward temperance and slavery. People effects by these beliefs would vote for candidates that followed them, therefore playing upon the fact that more candidates should address important issues instead of using personality to get elected. However, personality is what many campaigns played upon in this era. Jackson for instance, was dubbed â€Å"old hickory† and had a large following simple because he was considered an average person, a representative for the common folk instead of another high-standing politician who was in office solely for the money and power. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Change Between 1815 and 1840 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Political Change Between 1815 and 1840 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Political Change Between 1815 and 1840 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another candidate to run against Jackson played the same â€Å"common man† card, William Henry Harrison, who boosted that he was the â€Å"log cabin and hard cider candidate† this appealed to the more average folk in the same way Jackson had before him, this also allowed him to avoid important issues such as slavery and women’s rights. Many important factors decided the fate of political participation of the citizens of the United States. The nationalistic spark after the war of 1812 opened new doors to many by lessoning the restrictions against voters. The reform movement gave people issues to look for a solution to in politicians and candidates. Lastly, the campaigns themselves made a drastic change, depending mostly on the personality of the candidate instead of their views on the current events of the time.

How to Write Family and Consumer Science Term Paper The Guide You Can’t Skip

How to Write Family and Consumer Science Term Paper The Guide You Can’t Skip Stuck with your family and consumer science term paper? Family and Consumer Science is a field of studies that focuses on relationships among people and their personal environments, taking into account the impact of biological, physical, and social environments on human development and behavior. Students who are enrolled in such programs have to learn a set of professional skills and be ready to apply their knowledge to improve the well-being of people of all ages by addressing complex problems faced by individuals, families, and communities. Every semester, students are typically assigned to complete multiple writing assignments of different types in the family and consumer sciences and a term paper is one of them. Writing a long essay or a term paper can seem to be intimidating at first but there are some basic rules of thumb that you should follow. They will make your job as a writer easier. Read this guide on how to write a family and consumer science term paper and learn the most effective strategies for completing a successful family and consumer term paper. Besides, you’ll find here a list of interesting term paper topic ideas that you can use for creating your own written projects. What Is Family and Consumer Science Term Paper? Family and consumer science term paper is actually an extended essay that is based on a profound research of scholarly sources. Like most academic papers, term papers in the family and consumer science have a basic format and include an introduction, body, and conclusion. In this guide, we’ll discuss how to write each section of your paper so keep reading. Writing a term paper is a long process that is often messy and recursive but still, it can be divided into a number of tasks: Choosing a topic; Researching a topic; Planning and outlining; Drafting and revising; Editing and proofreading the final draft. Choose a Good Family and Consumer Science Term Paper Topic When writing a term paper, you may have different options: you can pick your own topic, a topic may be assigned to you or you may be given a list of possible topics to choose from. Anyway, you will have to decide what approach to use to select a suitable topic for your term paper. It’s a very important step and you’d better choose a topic that you are interested in and that is somehow familiar to you. In this case, it will be easier for you to conduct a research and you may even enjoy doing it. But you should make sure that the chosen topic is not too broad. Otherwise, you will not be able to write a well-focused paper. That’s why you should do some background reading to understand whether your term paper topic is feasible. For example, if you are interested in interior design, you should narrow down this topic and write about contemporary interior design trends or the history of interiors. You may want to cover another aspect of this broad topic as well. Besides, you should do some preliminary research to determine whether you’ll be able to find enough resources in your library and online databases to cover your topic. When you have chosen an appropriate topic for your term paper, you should try to formulate a clear research question that will help you stay focused while doing the research and finding relevant sources. Can’t decide which topic to select for your term paper? Here is a list of amazing family and consumer science term paper topics you can choose from: Core Strategies of the Leading Luxury Brands; How Do Environmental Factors Influence Healthy Child Development? How Can Parents Support Positive Eating Behaviors of Their Children? What Is the Connection Between Sustainability and Food Safety? Key Reasons Why Parents Turn to Homeschooling; Environmental Sustainability and Family Planning; Impact of Immigration on Older Families; Basic Concepts in Interior Design; Principles of Family Finance; History of Interiors and Architecture; Safe Methods of Commercial Food Production; What Is the Role of Minerals, Vitamins, and Micronutrients in Human Nutrition? Management of Family Resources; Nutritional Management for Food Allergies; Current Trends in Family Life. Conduct a Research Like a Pro First, you can read some general resources to gain an understanding of the subject area. You may consult textbooks, specialized encyclopedias, and look through general newspaper or magazine articles. Write down different terms and phrases that define your topic. You will use them as keywords when searching for relevant scholarly books and articles. You should also think about ideas that you would like to explore in your term paper and make a preliminary outline for your research and develop a thesis statement. Now you must search for material that was published on your topic by experts in the field. You have to read the material that you can find, analyze, and evaluate it to determine how different sources can be useful for writing your term paper and developing your argument. You should use skimming and scanning techniques while determining if a source is useful. If you decide that a source is useful, you have to read it closely and take notes of some important ideas. You don’t have to write them word for word but summarize, paraphrase or use your own words to explain the key ideas. You’d better organize all the sources that you find. You can do it using index cards or on a spreadsheet. You should record essential information about every article, book, website or document that you use when doing research and writing your term paper such as the title, the author’s name, the date of publication etc. Taking notes from your sources is a crucial part of the research. You can use different methods for doing that but it’s important to clearly indicate if the ideas are your own or you derived them from the sources you are reading. That’s why you should use quotation marks to show that it is direct copying. It may be useful to group your notes by subject to organize your thoughts on a specific aspect. You should review your notes and consult your preliminary outline to ensure that you are staying within it. Wondering what type of information you should consider when taking notes? Facts or statistics to improve your argument; Quotations from original works to support your own argument; Ideas that explain the topic, issue or argument that you are investigating; Ideas that support or refute your thesis statement; Write a Working Outline The next step is to plan your term paper and create an outline that will help you keep your thoughts on the track. First, you have to develop a strong thesis statement that you will argue in your using relevant source material and convincing evidence. A good thesis forecasts the content of an academic paper and concretely announces the major elements of your topic. You will have to divide your argument into several reasonably balanced sections. You need to decide which material you will have to include or exclude. Next, you should make a list of headings and sub-headings and decide what you will include under each of them. Try to keep the system of headings simple – you may not need more than 3 levels of headings. If your term paper is not lengthy, 2 levels of headings will do. You should also decide how many words each of your term paper sections should include. For example, if you divide your 5,000-word term paper on food safety and sustainability into 5 sections, an average section will consist of about 1,000 words. You should decide if it is enough for presenting the key points in each section. Write the First Draft of Your Term Paper Use your notes and an outline to start your first draft. Keep in mind that the first draft of your family and consumer science term paper is not meant to be perfect. In fact, you will need to create several drafts before you can complete your final draft. It doesn’t matter from which section of your paper you will start writing. So start with a section that you feel more comfortable with. If you have trouble with writing a particular part of any section, skip it, and go back to later. You may also find that there are some difficult areas that you’ll need to rewrite later. You should ensure that your term paper has the following basic elements: The introduction that introduces your thesis statement and informs what you are going to discuss and how you are going to structure your paper; The main body that gives key points and evidence to support your thesis statement. The conclusion that summarizes your argument and ends your term paper on a convincing note Read on to find some tips on how to write the main parts of your term paper. Introduction Your introduction doesn’t have to be long but it should include some essential elements. You have to begin it with an attention grabber, for example, a story, statistic, fact or historical context; You can also give an overview of the specific problem or provide the background information on your topic; Besides, you should define the key terms that will help your readers understand the topic. For example, when writing about child development, you may want to explain such terms as Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, domains of development, core competencies, least restrictive environment, intentional teaching; If your term paper is argumentative, you can also present the primary opposing views; You must end your introduction with a strong thesis statement which may be 1 or 2 sentences in length. Main Body In the body, you need to clearly present the key points that you have outlined in the thesis statement and provide good explanations, details, and examples to support all your points. When writing an argumentative family and consumer science term paper, you need to mention counterarguments and refute them. It’s important to use strong evidence from credible sources to support the major points. Your paper should include quotations, summaries, and paraphrases with proper referencing according to the citation style specified by your instructor (MLA, APA, Harvard, Chicago or other). Never put all the information into one big section. Instead, you should divide the body of your term paper into a number of sections using an overarching principle and begin each section with an explanation of its purpose. Use clear section headings to guide your readers and help them understand how the argument is developing. Headings are used to break the term paper topic into its natural parts so you should use them carefully in the same way as you use topic sentences in the paragraphs, organizing your thinking for the sake of your audience. Conclusion In this part of your paper, you have to restate your thesis statement using different words and summarize all the major points presented in the body in a concise manner. You can also explain the significance of your findings and give suggestions for further research. Don’t include any new arguments in your conclusion. Revise, Edit, Proofread: Final Steps even Our Writers Don’t Skip When you have completed your first draft, you should look over it. A good idea is to wait a few days so that you’ll be able to be objective when revising it. You have to review your draft several times and try to determine if your argument is clear to your reader. You should check the content and logical flow of sentences and paragraphs, making improvements where necessary.   Make sure that all your paragraphs begin with a topic sentence and that there are transitions between the paragraphs. You should also pay particular attention to proper citation and referencing to avoid plagiarism. Make sure that you consistently use one system of citation. Attention to details at this early stage can save you tons of time in the long run. When editing your family and consumer science term paper, you should rewrite unclear passages and delete irrelevant words and sentences. You have to check your vocabulary and avoid inappropriate words or slang. Finally, you need to check grammar, punctuation, and spelling and eliminate typos if there are any.

Building a House Utilizing Traditional Brick and Block Construction Coursework

Building a House Utilizing Traditional Brick and Block Construction - Coursework Example This research tells that the construction of brick and block traditional houses begin with the digging of the trench. The trench is the site where the foundation will be laid on and should be well inspected before the concrete is laid. This must be done in accordance with the plan of construction. The plan is very instrumental precisely when revealing the load-bearing walls and the width of the tranches to be excavated. When building the wall the choice of brick and block to be used is very important. This affects the brick to be used in the foundation and when building the course block works as far as color and size are concerned. The foundation trench concrete is therefore laid down to a depth at least 150mm or as specified in the plan. After the laying of the concrete, the bricks and blocks are laid down in cavity wall construction depending on the planned design style. The construction of the two walls is done with the two skins constructed next to one another leaving a cavity in between them. The traditional brick and block develop a relative solid 9-inch wall. The main challenge despite the thickness is the risk due to exposure to moisture. However, with the cavity, it is difficult for water to get across the void between the two skins. To effectively prevent dampness, there is need to clear up the cement falling in between the walls during construction. This is primarily because if left there for long, it will pile up hence creates a bridge which will accelerate moistening the wall course. The builders also need to tie both the brick-work and block-work skins together but carefully and at a regular interval.